Google has started to track Android developers that run instrumentation tests sending all sorts of data about you and your device to Google Analytics. The opt-out solution they give is to add these options to the adb command:

adb shell am instrument -e disableAnalytics true

However, this is not how I typically run my tests. A more convinient and permanent solution is to add the following to your build.gradle file.

android {
   ...
   defaultConfig {
      ...
      testInstrumentationRunnerArguments disableAnalytics: 'true'
   }
}

That’s it. Now the opt-out should work.

I could not find the code of androidx.test.internal.runner.tracker.AnalyticsBasedUsageTracker online, but in case you are interested here’s what they send:

new StringBuilder()
              .append(APP_NAME_PARAM)
              .append(encode(targetPackage, UTF_8))
              .append(TRACKER_ID_PARAM)
              .append(encode(trackingId, UTF_8))
              .append("&v=1") // Protocol Version.
              .append("&z=") // Cache Buster (optional)
              .append(SystemClock.uptimeMillis())
              .append(CLIENT_ID_PARAM)
              .append(encode(userId, UTF_8))
              .append(SCREEN_RESOLUTION_PARAM)
              .append(encode(screenResolution, UTF_8))
              .append(API_LEVEL_PARAM)
              .append(encode(apiLevel, UTF_8))
              .append(MODEL_NAME_PARAM)
              .append(encode(model, UTF_8))
              .append("&t=appview") // Hit type
              .append("&sc=start") // Session Control
              .toString();